Integrated Circuit

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as IC, chip, or microchip) is anelectronic circuit manufactured by the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a thinsubstrate of semiconductor material. Additional materials are deposited and patterned to forminterconnections between semiconductor devices.Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the world ofelectronics. Computers, mobile phones, and other digital appliances are now inextricable parts of thestructure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of production of integrated circuits.